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Definitions

Instructions: Study and familiarize yourself with the following definitions.

A determinant is a number associated with a square matrix.
Cramer's Rule is a formula method for solving a system of linear equations.
The determinant of any two-by-two matrix A
ab
cd
is defined as a number det(A)=ad - bc
The determinant of order n is the determinant of a matrix n-by-n.

The minor of an element in a determinant is the (smaller) determinant that remains after deleting all entries in its row and column.

Example

The minor of element a21 is the determinant of the matrix
a12 a13
a32 a33
The minor of element a32 is determinant of the matrix
a11 a13
a21 a23
,b


The cofactor of an entry aij is (-1)i+j multiplied by the minor of the aij entry.

This says that if the sum of the row and column is even, the cofactor is the same as the minor. If the sum of the row and column is odd, the cofactor of that entry is the opposite of its minor.


Determinant Expansion Theorem

A determinant of order n is a real number whose value is the sum of the products obtained by multiplying each element of a row (or column) by its cofactor.

Example:
The determinant expanded about the second row of the matrix A

0 -14
1 2 3
-1 -20
is equal to
det(A) = (1)(-1)det(A21) + (+2)(+1)det(A22) + (3)(-1)det(A23)= -8 +2(4) + 3(-1) = 3

where A21, A22, A23 are matrices
-14
-20
04
-10
0-1
-1-2

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