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Intro for The Inverse of a 2-by-2 Square Matrix


The following is an example of finding the inverse of a matrix. This example illustrates a systematic procedure for finding the inverse using the Gauss-Jordan elimination procedure.
1. The given matrix is
1 2
-1 3
2. By definition we know that AA-1 = I
1 2 a b = 1 0
-1 3 c d 0 1
3. Simplify:
a + 2c b + 2d = 1 0
-a + 3c -b + 3d = 0 1
4. Simplify the equation:
a + 2c = 1 and b + 2d = 0
-a + 3c = 0 and -b + 3d = 1
5.These equations can be put into the augmented matrix:
1 2 1 and 1 2 0
-1 3 0 and -1 3 1
6. Because both matrices have the same coefficients, both can be written in one matrix:
1 2 1 0
-1 3 0 1
7. a) Using the Gauss-Jordan elimination method we obtain:
1 2 1 0 R2 + R1 1 2 1 0
-1 3 0 1 0 5 1 1
b)
1 2 1 0 R1 - 2R2 1 0 3/5 -2/5
0 1 1/5 1/5 0 1 1/5 1/5
8. Evaluate
a= 3/5, c= 1/5, b= -2/5, d= 1/5
A-1 3/5 -2/5
1/5 1/5

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